CANADA: A PEOPLE’S HISTORY
A QUESTION OF LOYALTIES
As you watch the film answer these questions. Since there are quite a few questions, you may want to work with a partner and divide the questions between you.
1. What does it mean when the narrator says that the Americans were at war with themselves? The rebel Americans were attacking the Loyalists.
2. Why did the rebels approach Quebec? What was the response? They were sent an open letter "asking" them to join the American rebels. Part of the the request was a veiled threat. While there were some of the French who secretly hoped the rebels would over-throw the British, most felt that it was just infighting within the British 13 colonies.
3. What does the expression “the shot heard ‘round the world” mean? This marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
4. How did most Canadians view the war between the British and the American rebels and how did the Canadians’ response to the call to arms reflect this? See the answer to question 2. The call to arms fell mainly on deaf ears. The British forces had difficulty getting any of the French Canadians to sign up to fight the rebels.
5. What was the American plan to invade Canada? One garrison of rebels would head north towards Montreal and the other garrison would loop to the East and come down the St. Lawrence to Quebec.
6. Describe what happened at Fort St. Jean. What city was left unprotected? The British in Fort St. Jean stood against the rebel forces, however they were greatly outnumbered. Eventually they had to surrender. This left Montreal unprotected and the rebels marched into Montreal as soon as Fort St. Jean had fallen.
7. What factors make the defense of Quebec City “doubtful”? The British continued to have difficulties in getting the French Canadians join the British forces. In addition, there was one group of rebels marching toward them from Montreal and another coming down the St. Lawrence.
8. What allowed Carleton to save Quebec City? Carleton threatened to evict any man - French or otherwise - from Quebec City if they refused to join the British forces. Also, a rebel deserter came to the British and told them that the rebel forces planned to attack on the first snowy night. This occurred on New Years Eve. Because of the snow, when the rebels coming from Montreal attacked, they didn't see the British waiting for them and their leaders were all slaughtered. This allowed the British to corner the other rebels and eventually the rebels surrendered.
9. Who were the Loyalists? What happened to them? The Loyalists were members of the 13 colonies (Americans) who were still loyal to the British crown. The rebels took all their supplies and put their men in prison, leaving the women and children to freeze and starve in the winter.
10. Who were Butler’s Rangers? These were Loyalists who joined with the British to make a crack fighting team to help to try to defeat the rebels. How did the Revolutionary War become a civil war? The rebels turned on the Loyalists even though both groups were Americans.
11. Who was Joseph Brant? Also known as Thayendanegea, he was a military and political leader of the Mohawks. What message did he take to King George? He promised George III that the six Iroquois nations would fight on the side of the British if the British would protect Iroquoian land. What message does he take back to Canada? George III agreed to Brant's proposal.
12. What response do the Iroquois have to Joseph Brant’s deal? Three of the nations side with the British but the other three side with the rebels.
13. What were George Washington’s orders in regards to the Iroquois? He ordered the rebels to burn the Iroquoian villages. What were the results of these orders? All the Iroquois nations had to flee north into Canada.
14. Other than the Loyalists and the Six Nations, which other group migrated to Canada? African Americans.
15. What impact did the Loyalists have on Nova Scotia? So many Loyalists came to Nova Scotia from New York that they quadrupled the population. What conditions did they live under that first winter? Many spent the winter in tents. Food was scarce.
16. What difficulties did the black Loyalists face in their new home? They had difficulties finding work as the white Canadians felt that jobs should not be given to the black Loyalists over the whites. In spite of this, most stayed and settled and tried their hand at farming.
17. What part of Canada was the “upper country”? Ontario Who settled it? Butler's Rangers moved into the rougher parts of the "upper country".
18. Who was forgotten in the treaty between the British and the Americans? Why was this the case? The Iroquois nations were not remembered in that their territories were not protected. The British tried to include protections for them in the treaty with the Americans, but the Americans refused to include it.
19. The Loyalists petition Britain to create new colonies. What are these colonies? Upper Canada and New Brunswick. Why did the British agree? They were afraid of tension between the Loyalists and the French.
20. Who were the new settlers into Upper Canada? Some British but also many Americans that were not Loyalists came for the chance of free land.
3. What does the expression “the shot heard ‘round the world” mean? This marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
4. How did most Canadians view the war between the British and the American rebels and how did the Canadians’ response to the call to arms reflect this? See the answer to question 2. The call to arms fell mainly on deaf ears. The British forces had difficulty getting any of the French Canadians to sign up to fight the rebels.
5. What was the American plan to invade Canada? One garrison of rebels would head north towards Montreal and the other garrison would loop to the East and come down the St. Lawrence to Quebec.
6. Describe what happened at Fort St. Jean. What city was left unprotected? The British in Fort St. Jean stood against the rebel forces, however they were greatly outnumbered. Eventually they had to surrender. This left Montreal unprotected and the rebels marched into Montreal as soon as Fort St. Jean had fallen.
7. What factors make the defense of Quebec City “doubtful”? The British continued to have difficulties in getting the French Canadians join the British forces. In addition, there was one group of rebels marching toward them from Montreal and another coming down the St. Lawrence.
8. What allowed Carleton to save Quebec City? Carleton threatened to evict any man - French or otherwise - from Quebec City if they refused to join the British forces. Also, a rebel deserter came to the British and told them that the rebel forces planned to attack on the first snowy night. This occurred on New Years Eve. Because of the snow, when the rebels coming from Montreal attacked, they didn't see the British waiting for them and their leaders were all slaughtered. This allowed the British to corner the other rebels and eventually the rebels surrendered.
9. Who were the Loyalists? What happened to them? The Loyalists were members of the 13 colonies (Americans) who were still loyal to the British crown. The rebels took all their supplies and put their men in prison, leaving the women and children to freeze and starve in the winter.
10. Who were Butler’s Rangers? These were Loyalists who joined with the British to make a crack fighting team to help to try to defeat the rebels. How did the Revolutionary War become a civil war? The rebels turned on the Loyalists even though both groups were Americans.
11. Who was Joseph Brant? Also known as Thayendanegea, he was a military and political leader of the Mohawks. What message did he take to King George? He promised George III that the six Iroquois nations would fight on the side of the British if the British would protect Iroquoian land. What message does he take back to Canada? George III agreed to Brant's proposal.
12. What response do the Iroquois have to Joseph Brant’s deal? Three of the nations side with the British but the other three side with the rebels.
13. What were George Washington’s orders in regards to the Iroquois? He ordered the rebels to burn the Iroquoian villages. What were the results of these orders? All the Iroquois nations had to flee north into Canada.
14. Other than the Loyalists and the Six Nations, which other group migrated to Canada? African Americans.
15. What impact did the Loyalists have on Nova Scotia? So many Loyalists came to Nova Scotia from New York that they quadrupled the population. What conditions did they live under that first winter? Many spent the winter in tents. Food was scarce.
16. What difficulties did the black Loyalists face in their new home? They had difficulties finding work as the white Canadians felt that jobs should not be given to the black Loyalists over the whites. In spite of this, most stayed and settled and tried their hand at farming.
17. What part of Canada was the “upper country”? Ontario Who settled it? Butler's Rangers moved into the rougher parts of the "upper country".
18. Who was forgotten in the treaty between the British and the Americans? Why was this the case? The Iroquois nations were not remembered in that their territories were not protected. The British tried to include protections for them in the treaty with the Americans, but the Americans refused to include it.
19. The Loyalists petition Britain to create new colonies. What are these colonies? Upper Canada and New Brunswick. Why did the British agree? They were afraid of tension between the Loyalists and the French.
20. Who were the new settlers into Upper Canada? Some British but also many Americans that were not Loyalists came for the chance of free land.
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